We carry out many tasks in our daily life from the time of birth till death and to perform these tasks, our organs carry out various functions internally called as BODY FUNCTION. Each body function consists of various chemical reactions and one such chemical reaction can be called as one BODY PROCESS e.g. one of the body functions is to bring down raised blood glucose level to normal after a meal through various chemical reactions and one such chemical reaction is glycogenesis (formation of glycogen from glucose molecule) and we can designate glycogenesis as one body process.

To initiate and maintain one such chemical reaction (i.e., body process), certain force is required which is present in the body itself. This force keeps the processes under control and energy required for the chemical reactions is obtained from the mitochondria present in every cell, be it in the healthy or diseased state. Each body process is carried out in a controlled manner in the healthy state or in an uncontrolled manner in the diseased state.

Thus, the whole body and the body processes are continuously under the action of
- A FORCE, which can initiate, maintain, and keep each body process under control
- ENERGY, which keeps the body processes or chemical reactions continuously going, both in healthy and diseased state

Few examples of such body functions are digestion, respiration, circulation, defecation, etc. When we put all these controlled functions together, it is normal physiology of the body which maintains and preserves the normal structure of the body parts called anatomy.

The abnormal function of the body which occurs in the diseased state (except in the cases where structural damage had occurred first due to some external injury in any form) is called functional pathology and at the very origin it is without any structural changes at the cellular or tissue level. When structural changes occur, it is called structural pathology.

Thus, both physiology and anatomy are normal or healthy state of the body and functional and structural pathology are abnormal or diseased state of the body.

Body functions go on continuously with the help of the force and energy in both healthy (constructive in nature) or diseased (destructive in nature leading to death of the organism) state. In a healthy state, all body functions are well under control of the body force to maintain homeostasis while in the diseased state the same body functions are not under the control of the body force and it uses the same energy to destroy the body. If the deviated function is not corrected within a certain time, it leads to death quickly (in acute diseases like covid, malaria, etc.) or after months and years (in chronic diseases like diabetes, high blood pressure, etc.).

Each body function consists of various chemical reactions. The formula or method by which a particular chemical reaction will be carried out for the desired end product is incorporated in the genes present in the chromosomes that reside in the nucleus and are acquired from our parents.

In the body of a living organism, many such chemical reactions are going on continuously. Each chemical reaction starts with a substrate and ends with the formation of end products. The substrate for the chemical reaction is obtained either from the intra or extra cellular fluids and from the food we consume. There is release of many intermediate products between chemical reactions and along with the end products these are released in the intra or extracellular body fluids and circulated throughout the body via dynamic extracellular fluid to be used by body cells as per their need.

The product of chemical reaction, be it intermediate or end product, forms a substrate for the next chemical reaction to give another intermediate or end product which forms a substrate for another chemical reaction, and this goes on. Thus, each chemical reaction in the body is dependent on a substrate and is linked to one another with the help of extracellular fluids. If one process in the body is hampered or deviated from the normal course, one by one many other chemical reactions start getting deviated at a faster (in acute diseases) or slower rate (in chronic diseases) because each chemical reaction is linked and interdependent on one another. If one starts functioning abnormally, it leads to abnormal functioning of other processes one by one till death of the person. That is why it is very important that the deviated process be rectified as early as possible with the correct and rational treatment (criteria for correct treatment are given in CONCEPT OF TREATMENT Section).

One chemical reaction in the body can be designated as ONE BODY PROCESS and there are thousands of such processes going on in the body which always maintain the substrate, intermediate products and end products concentration within range and helps the body maintain homeostasis. Thus, homeostasis is a sum of all the normal body processes (chemical process). In the laboratory investigation, we just check the level of these substrates and the end or intermediate products, but we can never check the functionality of body process (if normal or abnormal) which actually is responsible for homeostasis or disturbing the normal range of the chemicals.

Our body carries out all the functions like digestion, respiration, circulation, and excretion, etc. smoothly because the body force controls and maintains everybody process making it work normally unless it is acted upon by the disease or medicine force (homoeopathic drug proving) or by any other chemical substance which deviates it from the normal process.

We will try to understand this with the help of an example of body process Gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis is involved in bringing the blood glucose level to normal if it falls, by utilizing non carbohydrate substances and this happens efficiently in the healthy state because
a) The process of Gluconeogenesis is under the control of the Body Force.
b) The energy required for this process is acquired from the mitochondria of the cell
c) The process utilizes cell machinery like genes, mRNA, endoplasmic reticulum, etc
d) Derives required chemical substances like substrates, enzymes, inorganic substances, etc. from food and intra or extracellular fluids.
e) Each step involved or supporting the process of Gluconeogenesis involves many processes at genetic level which have their own processes that are under the control of the body force. Thus, each and every body process is working properly, is under control, utilizing the same energy from the mitochondria, cell machinery and chemical substances and thus the desired outcome of Gluconeogenesis is achieved.
f) If blood glucose levels fall below the normal range, Gluconeogenesis gets accelerated and utilizes substrates like fatty acids or amino acids to form glucose. If blood glucose level is in the normal range or at a higher level, then Gluconeogenesis is deaccelerated sparing fatty acids or amino acids from getting converted to glucose. This occurs and it also shows that Gluconeogenesis and its associated body processes are perfectly and completely under the control of BODY FORCE

Now consider a state where Gluconeogenesis or any one of its associated body processes is not under the control of the body force. Still the process of Gluconeogenesis and its associated process will occur in the body, but the desired result will not be achieved and slowing down of Gluconeogenesis will lead to hypoglycemia or if the pace of this process increases then it may cause Diabetes Mellitus (chronic disease). Let us see the similarities and differences of the process of Gluconeogenesis and its associated processes in the diseased state (comparing it with the healthy state).
a) The energy required for this process is acquired from the mitochondria of the cell and it will either consume more or less energy because the process will either be underperforming or over performing, as the process of gluconeogenesis is not functioning normally.
b) All the associated processes (along with the faulty process) with Gluconeogenesis utilize the same energy, cell machinery like genes, mRNA, endoplasmic reticulum, etc. as in the healthy state, but the desired outcome is not achieved because one or more associated processes are not under the control of the body force, and it will either underperform or overperform because it is deviated from the normal functioning.
c) Derives required chemical substances like substrates, enzymes, inorganic substances, etc. intracellularly or extracellularly in excess or in less quantity resulting in alteration of their chemical concentration. Excessive alteration can be documented in the investigations.
d) Many other steps are involved or support the process of Gluconeogenesis like formation of templates from genes for certain enzymes, travelling of mRNA to the endoplasmic reticulum, energy generation from the mitochondria; utilizing same energy from the mitochondria and using same cell machinery and chemical substances, etc. as in the healthy state but what is lacking in the diseased state is the control of body process by the body force. Therefore, Gluconeogenesis either underperforms or overperforms and the desired outcome (control of blood glucose level) is not achieved. Here we can also see that nothing has entered the body to cause the malfunctioning of the body process or even if something entered from outside (any force, medicine, or chemical substance) it will not perform the process itself, but will just alter the body process from its normal way of functioning
e) So, loss of control of body force on the body process Gluconeogenesis and/or on its associated body processes lead to either hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia showing that the body process Gluconeogenesis and its associated body processes are not under the control of BODY FORCE.
f) The associated process, to gluconeogenesis, also has many other functions along with the control of blood glucose level and if one process becomes faulty, it leads to many other diseases in the long term which are named as complications of increased blood glucose level. Thus, controlling blood glucose level is not sufficient but we have to rectify the deviated process so that along with hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia other complications can be prevented.

Summary
Body force --> Body process {(controlled OR uncontrolled) (uses chemicals + cell, organs + energy)} ---> results in Health (controlled body process) or Disease (uncontrolled body process)