Our body remains either in a healthy or diseased state. In this section we will discuss peculiarities of the disease state

Disease in a very simple language is BODY NOT AT EASE at the mental or physical or social level or in any two or at all levels. When the body process starts deviating from normal, it is resisted by the body force and not by the chemical or energy from the mitochondria. If the body force fails to resist, it results in loss of control of body force on that body process which has deviated from the normal course by any reason (symptoms may or may not start initially) and the body shifts to the disease state.

Chemical substances or energy (from mitochondria) cannot resist the deviation of the body process but on the other hand, if their concentrations get altered, they put stress on some other normal body processes by increasing or decreasing their rate or pace (which is under control of the body force) and try to maintain homeostasis. As time elapses, body force loses control on other normal body processes also leading to an alteration in the chemical substances, cells, and tissues to extreme levels and symptoms start. In the diseased state, the same cell machinery, chemical substances, energy, body process, etc. are present and the only difference is” Absence of control of the body force on the body process” which is present in the healthy state.

As discussed in the section of CONCEPT OF BODY FUNCTION about the body process (body chemical reaction) and the body function, in the healthy state, body process is always initiated, maintained and is under the control of the body force. In a diseased state, one (in the initial period) or many (later period) body processes are not under the control of the body force and start malfunctioning or get deviated from the set laws and principles of the body. This deviation of the body process leads to an increase or decrease of chemical concentrations (end products or intermediate products or substrates) in the intra or extracellular body fluids (functional pathology) in the initial stages followed by changes in structure (structural pathology) of the cell then in the tissues followed by organ system failure leading to death of the patient

This occurs due to excessive accumulation or depletion of certain chemical substances or excessive distortion of the cell or tissue structure, leading to slowing down of body process in certain important organs followed by complete cessation of the chemical reactions (one of the chemical reaction law states that “ if the end product is not removed from the vicinity of the reaction, then it will soon accumulate leading to slowing down of rate of chemical reaction followed by complete cessation of the chemical reaction) and body function with death of the organ and the person. E.g., failure of contraction of cardiac muscles leads to accumulation of waste products /end products in the cardiac muscles leading to slowing down of the pumping of heart followed by further accumulation of the waste products / end products and finally complete cessation of the cardiac function i.e., pumping of heart leading to death of the patient.

The deviated body processes disturb the structure of the body cells, tissues, and chemical concentration and in investigations we check for these chemical levels and try to match it with set normal values and then stamp a person as healthy or diseased. Even in scanning or histological studies of specimen, we detect the structure, number, size, shape of cell or tissue and classify them as normal or distorted. The distortion in shape, size, number, and consistency of cell or tissue or organ is the result of deviated process or changed chemical concentration of the body (which itself is due to some deviated body process). So, in short, the altered chemical concentrations (e.g., raised blood sugar level or cholesterol, etc.) or changed cells or tissue structure (hypertrophy, tumor, cancer, etc.) are not the diseased condition but are the result of a deviated body process which in turn is the result of lost control of body force on the body process

So, the whole body and body processes are continuously under the action of
- A force (present in body itself) which initiates, maintains, and controls the body processes in healthy state and has lost control in diseased state and
- Energy (derived from mitochondria) that keeps the chemical reaction continuously going, be the body in a healthy or diseased state.

In the diseased state, one or many body processes are not under the control of the body force but still they continuously utilize energy and same machinery of the body as in health and the faulty process goes on but now in an uncontrolled manner and it puts the body in a destructive mode in contrast to the healthy state where the same body process, same body machinery, same energy and source of energy (mitochondria) is present but body never goes in a destructive mode because the body process is under the control of the body force.

The body force always tries to maintain the body process in a particular fashion and keeps it under control. If for some reason this control is disturbed by anything (be it from inside or from outside the body) then the body process gets malfunctioned or deviated from the normal leading to alteration in the chemical concentration in the intra and extracellular fluids of the body with or without changes in the structure of cell or tissue and now the body is in a diseased state. The altered chemical concentration is either elevated or depleted in the body leading to slowing down or acceleration in the rate of certain other chemical reactions i.e., body process which in turn alters another set of chemical concentration and these altered chemical concentration or structure in the body gives rise to symptoms for which the person seeks medical aid. During treatment, many times, medicine only rectifies the altered (increased or decreased) chemical concentration in the body and tries to forcefully maintain it in the normal range (e.g., certain glucose lowering medicines). Such treatment only minimizes the symptoms (most of the symptoms are caused by the altered levels of chemical concentration in the body or altered cell structure) temporarily but at the same time leaves the deviated body process (actual disease) untouched. Due to this, the actual disease is still uncured, and medicine will be needed every day for a lifetime. Still, the forcefully controlled levels of chemical concentration by medicines again gets altered on and off and this is because the faulty deviated process is yet to get rectified and has led to the deviation of a few more normal body processes (also by large doses of medicines) leading to new disease and new symptoms and return of old symptoms with greater intensity. This is seen in many chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hypertension, gout, arthritis, insomnia, epilepsy, etc. in which the treatment goes on lifelong with addition of new diseases in the name of post complications of the primary disease till the death of the patient

So, the sign or symptom of deviated body process is ----> altered structure of cell, tissue + altered chemical concentration of the body and these altered structure and chemical concentrations in the body lead to ----> further alteration in other normal structures and chemical concentrations in the body + symptoms. The symptoms compel the patient to seek medical aid. Most of the time the treatment is directed to normalize the levels of deviated chemical concentration or surgery is done to rectify the altered structure of the cells or tissues or organ, but nothing is done to rectify the deviated body process, the real culprit that caused the changes in the body

When anything enters or leaves the body domain, the body process may not get altered (deviated) or may get altered (deviated) but if body is able to rectify the deviation in a short period of time then the body is not called as a diseased, because the body process is not deviated from normal to abnormal or even if it is deviated then body is able to rectify the deviation on its own in a very short period of time. It shows that the body force has complete control over all the body process

Till the body processes are carried out in a controlled manner and in a pre-defined way it is not a diseased condition even though any number of foreign materials enter, or chemical substances leave the body because body is able to get rid of the foreign material or replenish the lost substance on its own by using the available resources without letting the body process getting deviated. But if the body is unable to manage the change in its environment, then the body process starts getting deviated from normal and if it remains deviated for a certain period, then the body is unable to rectify the deviated process on its own and then the body is said to be in a diseased state. When the body process starts getting deviated or tries to get deviated from the normal state, it is resisted by the body force and not by the chemical or the energy from the mitochondria. But if body force fails to resist then it loses control of the body process which gets deviated and body shifts to disease state.

Disease in a broader sense can be categorized as follows:
1) Indisposition
2) Acute
3) Chronic
4) Surgical
a) Preceded by acute or chronic disease
b) Purely surgical caused by accident, bony fractures, gunshots, bullets, injuries, etc

Let us explore a bit more of these categories:

1) Indisposition
It includes all those diseases in which the body process gets deviated for a short time with severe or trivial symptoms, but the body itself rectifies the deviated process without any aid of medicines or by removal of causative factors or replenishing the deficient nutrients. Most of the time, the causative factor for such deviation is available.

Explanation:
It includes all those diseases which are caused by
a) Deficiency of nutrients
b) Sedentary and faulty lifestyle with no or minimum exercise and sunlight exposure
c) overeating, exertion, etc.
d) Unhygienic conditions and bad habits etc
e) Other causative factors.

In this type of disease, no medicine is required but correction of the faulty lifestyle and the deficient nutrition or change of habits etc. is needed and once it is fulfilled the body can rectify the deviated process on its own and symptoms disappear thereafter. But if the deviated process remains deviated for a longer time and is not rectified within certain stipulated time, then the process becomes deviated permanently causing some chronic diseases or makes the person vulnerable to repeated acute diseases. At this juncture the body cannot rectify the deviated process on its own but requires the aid of correct medicines along with the change, removal, or rectification of the causative factors mentioned above, if still present.

Let us understand this with the help of an example.
(A) is an example of indisposition getting rectified on its own while (B) is an indisposition progressing to chronic disease due to lack of timely and correct treatment.
A) Overeating causes distension and pain in the abdomen and sometimes vomiting.
a) Causative factor …. Overeating
b) Symptoms - Distension of the abdomen, pain, vomiting.
c) Treatment - No medicine is required.
. Only correction of the faulty lifestyle i.e., eating simple meals and avoid overeating in the next meal and having plenty of water.

B) Overeating and a sedentary lifestyle for a longer period causes diabetes or obesity.
a) Causative factor - Overeating and a sedentary lifestyle
b) Symptoms - Fatigue, temporary high blood sugar level, etc.
c) Treatment - No medicine is required in the early stage because the deviation of the body process can be rectified by the body itself, by correction of the faulty lifestyle i.e., by exercising and eating food as per the needs of the body. This will rectify the body process, and the signs and symptoms will disappear.
. But if rectification in the faulty lifestyle is not done and as time progresses the body process gets deviated permanently causing chronic disease, diabetes mellitus or obesity; the person will require medicines along with the rectification of the faulty lifestyle

2) Acute disease:
In this type of disease, the body force loses control of one or more body processes which gets deviated (malfunctioning) one by one but in rapid manner within a short period of time. Due to this malfunctioning, severe accumulation, or depletion of certain chemical substances (substrate, end, or intermediate products) as well as changes in the structure of cell and tissue occur in a very short period leading to quick onset of symptoms in the body. If in a certain stipulated time, the body force is not able to rectify the deviated process on its own (by bringing it under its control) or if proper treatment is not given to the patient, then the organ system starts failing one by one within a few days/weeks due to excessive accumulation or depletion of certain body chemicals leading to death of the patient. Sometimes the body can rectify the deviated process on its own perfectly or imperfectly. If rectification is imperfectly done by the body or by improper treatment, then, it results in faulty recovery of the patient with some trivial symptoms or lingering chronic disease like psychosis after tuberculosis, nephrotic syndrome after pharyngitis, valvular heart disease after sore throat, weakness, loss of appetite, constipation, etc. So, in the acute disease, proper treatment is necessary for the complete cure of disease (deviated body process) within a short period of time or else death, or complications from the acute disease occurs.

In the acute disease, changes in the body occur very rapidly and within a short period of time giving no time to the body to compensate for the function of the deviated process or rectification of the severely altered chemical concentration or cell structure with onset of severe symptoms within a few minutes or hours. Due to excessive altered chemical concentration or cell structure in the acute disease, body force is not able to rectify the deviated body process on its own many times. At times, if management of severely altered chemical concentration is done by proper timely treatment, then, body can rectify the deviated process on its own and patient recovers, else it results in death of the patient.

Thus, to summarize the fate of acute disease:
a) The body force tries to rectify the deviated process on its own and if it succeeds, the disease is cured either with the knowledge of the patient i.e., with symptoms or without the knowledge of the patient i.e., without any symptoms, within a few days. But sometimes in this way of treatment more damage is done to the body during disease or in the recovery stage leading to imperfect recovery resulting in some lingering disease and symptoms or onset of some chronic disease after the acute disease has subsided.
b) If the body force is unable to rectify the deviated process on its own, then the deviated process deviates many other normal body processes one by one in a short time leading to accumulation or deficiency of certain chemicals in the body to a tremendous extent leading to death of the patient unless intervened by proper medicine.
c) If by medicine or by other means the altered chemical concentration is managed in a certain period, then, the body force can rectify the deviated body process on its own. But the medicine or the means used should not be very strong and in large doses or should not interfere with the other normal body process. Else, some new disease may crop up or the existing disease get intensified leading to death of the patient.
c) If proper medicine is introduced in the body to cure the acute disease within a certain stipulated time, then the acute disease gets permanently cured without leaving any sequalae of the disease

Let us understand acute diseases by taking the example of pneumonia (acute inflammation of the lungs)

a) Causative factors: many internal or external causative factors like exposure to extreme temperature or microorganisms, coryza, etc.
b) Symptoms: Excessive Mucous secretion in the lungs, breathlessness, cough, general body pain, fever, etc.
c) Fate of pneumonia
. If the body can rectify on its own, the disease is cured without sequalae or with sequalae like fibrosis of lung tissue, etc.
. If the body is unable to rectify the deviated process on its own and no treatment is administered then patient dies due to excessive accumulation of mucous in the lungs or excessive chemical release from the inflammatory process, etc.
. If the patient opts for treatment, then the patient is cured with or without sequalae depending on whether the treatment was improper or proper respectively.
d) Let us consider a few symptoms of pneumonia like breathlessness, cough, fever, fatigue, etc. and understand it in terms of Body Force, Body Process, Symptoms, and Investigation
Symptoms: Internally in lungs increased mucous secretion and inflammation causes breathlessness, cough, bronchospasm, etc.
. Mucus secretion is a normal defense mechanism of the lungs in a healthy state, and it is well under the control of the body force. Its secretion and absorption in healthy state are so balanced that it is neither deficient nor in excess. But in the pneumonic diseased state, the quantity of same mucus is increased because the control of the body force on the balancing process is lost. This leads to altered levels of mucus in the lungs creating hindrance in the normal function of the lungs, causing symptoms like breathlessness, cough, etc. These symptoms are not the disease condition but are caused by altered chemical substances in the lungs, i.e. mucous, which is caused by the deviated body process and in this case, it is deviation of balancing process for mucus which in turn is caused by loss of control of body force on the body process. In the same way we can explain other symptoms of pneumonia like fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, etc. caused by increased intensity of inflammation (body force loses control of the inflammatory process) which are going on every minute in the lungs in a healthy state but in a controlled manner (inflammatory process is under the control of body force in the healthy state). So, in this state of the disease, both the end products mucous or cytokines (inflammatory products) themselves are not the disease but their altered concentrations in the lungs are due to the deviated body process of balancing them and this deviation in the process occurs due to loss of control of the body force on this bodily process. Many times, medicine is just directed to minimize the altered chemical concentration like mucus, inflammatory chemicals (symptomatic treatment) and then the body can cure itself, but the cure may be perfect or imperfect.

If you observe the whole pathology of pneumonia, you will find that only one thing differs from the state of disease in comparison to the healthy state, i.e.,

i) Mucous - Present in both healthy and diseased states.
ii) Cytokines - Present in both healthy and diseased states.
iii) Body process controlling secretion as well as absorption of mucus and inflammatory products like cytokines, etc. - Present in both healthy and diseased states
iv) But in the healthy state, the body process mentioned above is well under the control of the BODY FORCE so the quality and quantity of the end products, mucous and cytokines is well controlled and at a normal level. In the Pneumonic disease state, same body processes and chemical substances like mucous and cytokines are present, but the body processes are not under the control of BODY FORCE leading to altered level of chemical substances i.e., increased level of mucus and cytokines in the lungs, leading to symptoms
v) In investigation we can document only
. Mucus … in the lungs
. Altered levels of inflammatory products in the blood and lungs.
vi) Investigation cannot document
. Deviated body process, which is the actual culprit for altered chemical substances.
vii) The same explanation can be applied to other symptoms of pneumonia, altered chemical substances, and deviated body process
viii) Thus, treatment should be directed towards rectification of
. Deviated body process - bringing it back under the control of body force
. Altered chemical concentration - bringing them back to normal levels.
. Symptoms will subside automatically once altered chemical substances come to normal by rectification of the deviated body process by bringing it under the control of the body force. Symptomatic treatment like pain killers, anti-mucolytics, expectorants, energetics chemicals, etc. are not required if proper and timely treatment is given for rectification of the body process as the primary treatment, because sometimes symptomatic treatment suppresses the diseases leading to further complications (unless palliative treatment is required, refer to concept of treatment section).

3) Chronic disease.
In this type of disease, the body process slowly gets deviated, one by one, in a longer duration of time. Due to this, the body gets time to compensate for the functions of the deviated process or for the rectification of the altered chemical concentration by putting stress on some other normal body processes. This continues till the stressed normal process gets deviated and then some other normal process is put under stress till it gets deviated until most of the body processes are deviated leading to death of the patient from multiorgan failure but at a slow pace and after a longer duration of time. Every time when a new body process gets deviated, group of new symptoms get added to the older symptoms of the previously deviated body process. This is the reason that in chronic diseases, new symptoms keep getting added to previous one due to increase in the number of deviations of the body processes which leads to alteration in new set of chemical concentration and changes in the anatomy or structure, shape, size or consistency of cell and tissues leading to failure of organ/system and finally death of the patient. Thus, chronic diseases differ from acute diseases in pace (speed of deviation of the body processes) and the severity of symptoms, along with the other differences. If in a stipulated time, proper treatment is directed for the rectification of the deviated body process then the patient gets cured, and life is saved.

In chronic diseases, the body force itself cannot rectify the deviated process but needs to be aided by medicines. However, medicines will only help when not many body processes, body cells and tissues are destroyed from the long duration of disease or by use of non-judicious and improper treatment or chemical substances.

Let us understand chronic diseases by taking an example of diabetes mellitus.
. Diabetes mellitus is a condition where the metabolism of glucose (to a major extent), fat, and protein gets hampered and prima facie, it is diagnosed by investigation of blood which shows increased blood glucose level
In a healthy state, normal blood glucose level is the byproduct of proper functioning of various bodily processes. This is possible because all such processes are under the control of the body force.
. Many Bodily process (under control of body force) -------> normal sugar level (unaltered chemical substance end product)

Now consider the diseased state of diabetes mellitus
One or more bodily processes, which either utilize glucose as its substrate or release glucose as an intermediatory product or end product, go out of control of the body force and get deviated from the normal functioning (undetectable in investigations) resulting in increased blood glucose level(end product chemical substance), detectable in investigations. On this basis the person is stamped as having chronic disease diabetes mellitus.

So, now in this disease state, the person is under the influence of 2 factors which causes further deviation in other normal body process and these are:
a) The primary deviated body process (which altered the blood glucose level), as time progresses will deviate some more normal body processes, and also alter a few other sets of chemical substances in the body.
b) The altered blood glucose level will deviate and alter another body process and / or normal concentration of other chemical substances in the body

Person will show two sets of symptoms
a) Symptoms due to deviated body process: Symptoms are few and mostly not detectable in investigations and not perceptible to the person
b) Symptoms due to altered glucose level and immediate substrates, intermediate or end products associated with it: Symptoms are more perceptible, aggressive, and severe compelling the patient to seek medical aid and are detectable in investigations

Thus, the treatment for diabetes mellitus should be directed towards
a) Rectification of the deviated body process which has led to the alteration in the blood glucose level and other changes in the body.
b) Rectification of the altered blood glucose and other chemical substances.

The investigation will only show altered chemical substances level i.e., blood glucose, cholesterol, proteins, etc. but will not give any documentation of the deviated body process, which led to altered blood glucose level and other associated chemical substances.
Most of the time, treatment is directed to keep blood glucose level in normal range and documented by investigations, but the deviated body process is kept untouched and untreated. Thus, the symptoms from altered blood glucose levels are minimized temporarily but the deviated body process continues its destructive changes slowly and steadily. This incomplete treatment results in:
a) More and more deviation of the body process but at a slow pace, followed by further alteration in another set of chemical concentration and body process, which keeps on adding new symptoms and diseases in the patient during treatment.
b) A time comes, as years passes, the
i) The glucose level becomes uncontrolled even after using many medicines (uncontrolled diabetes mellitus)
ii) Patients start showing many diseases along with structural alterations like cardiomyopathy, chronic renal disease, retinopathy, etc. and patients die from single or multiple organ failure like heart attack, kidney failure, liver disease, etc. which was caused by untreated deviated body processes.

So, during treatment in diabetes mellitus, always see that along with the control or correction of the altered chemical process (blood glucose level), treatment should also be directed towards the deviated body process. This is applicable to all chronic diseases.

4) Surgical disease.
Surgical treatment, explained simply, is a procedure in which the body is cut open or enter through a natural body opening (nose, mouth, etc.) using medical instruments to remove or repair the body parts

Surgical treatment is required in the following situations
1) Correction of deformed tissue or organ or body parts due to any congenital defects (may be genetic or acquired during the gestational period).
2) Correction or resuscitation of a person after situations like accidents or drowning or fall from heights, bullet injury, etc
3) Failure of function of cell or tissue or organ or any body parts due to change in consistency, size, shape, or number preceded by any acute or chronic disease.
In the first and second situations, primary treatment is surgery followed by secondary treatment with medicines. In the third situation, primary treatment is medicine while surgical treatment is secondary, because medicinal treatment was delayed or was improper and the disease progressed to such a state that surgical rectification was now inevitable for certain cases.

So, it is very clear that, if acute or chronic disease is not treated properly within a certain time, then the disease may alter the structural part of the body to such an extent that surgical treatment is inevitable in certain cases. Surgical treatment may result in partial or total functional or organ loss. So, acute and chronic diseases should be treated timely and properly with correct medication and mode of treatment, so that it does not advance to surgical treatment (How to judge if the treatment is proper or not is explained in the section of concept of Treatment). Some examples of the third type of surgical cases are

- Arthritis --> if not treated timely, may need surgical intervention ---> E.g., KNEE REPLACEMENT
- Acute appendicitis ---> if not treated timely, may need surgical intervention ----> APPENDECTOMY
- Uterine fibroid ---> if not treated timely, may need surgical intervention --------> HYSTERECTOM
- Breast fibroadenoma ---> if not treated timely, may need surgical intervention ---> MASTECTOMY.

Let us see the graphic representation of the disease.



Only level ‘C’ can be detected in the laboratory testing and scanning and that too at a later stage of disease, while the real cause of disease levels A and B cannot be detected in any test which are the causative factors and need to be rectified as early as possible

Summary
Causative factor --> Alters the body force --> Body process gets deviated {(Uncontrolled one) + (uses chemicals + cell, organs + energy same as in health)} --> Body progresses to destruction rapidly or slowly leading to death of the patient.